Panama

Last update: 2026-05-05
PA PABB/. Spanish
Pros
Territorial taxation system exempting foreign-source income from local levies.
Official use of the US Dollar ensuring monetary stability and preventing local currency devaluation.
World-class logistics infrastructure and strategic geographic position for global trade operations.
Cons
Persistent systemic corruption within the judicial and administrative branches of government.
Complex banking regulations due to international pressure and inclusion on various financial grey lists.
Significant bureaucratic hurdles and slow administrative processes for business licensing and permits.
Personal income
0 → 25%
progressive
Corporate
25%
flat
Capital gains
10%
flat
VAT (standard)
7%
standard rate
i 5.3 HOLDING
i 4.9 DIVIDEND PIPELINE
i 4.8 VERY LOW TAX
i 2 CRYPTO HAVEN
i 2 PRIVACY GRADE
i 2 EASY CITIZENSHIP
VERYLOW TAX 4.8/10 HOLDING 5.3/10 DIVIDENDPIPELINE 4.9/10 CRYPTOHAVEN 2/10 PRIVACYGRADE 2/10 EASYCITIZENSHIP 2/10
01/08

Will Panama tax what you earn?

income tax tax residency territorial system

YES, A LOT. On paper, Panama taxes personal income at 25%. In practice, the territorial regime puts only locally-sourced income in scope: foreign salary, foreign dividends, foreign capital gains are left alone. The headline scares; the design doesn't. For anyone whose income arises abroad, the effective rate collapses.

Personal income taxi
0 → 25%
progressive · 3 brackets
Income simulatori
Income
Tax due
Effective rate
all-in
Marginal rate
Tax residence testi
183days
183-day rule
Economic interest
Family centre
Habitual abode
Extended-stay test
Just one rule above is enough to make you tax-resident here.
02/08

Will Panama tax what you own?

capital gains wealth tax inheritance dividends interest

YES, BUT LIGHTLY. Panama taxes capital gains lightly (10% at the top), with no annual wealth charge and no inheritance regime. A held portfolio compounds with minimal friction; the state only shows up at disposal.

Capital gainsi
10%
flat
Dividend taxi
25%
progressive
Interest incomei
0%
flat
Wealth taxi
NONE
no annual wealth tax · no real-estate wealth tax · no net-worth assessment
Crypto · tax regimei
Regime
UNREGULATED
Fallback rate
0%
Panama applies a territorial tax system (Art. 694 Tax Code). Gains from crypto-assets traded on international platforms are considered foreign-sourced and are effectively tax-free (0%) for residents. Local-sourced income is subject to progressive tax rates up to 25%. A comprehensive crypto bill was declared unconstitutional in 2023.
Crypto-to-cryptoi
NEUTRAL
a swap is not a taxable realisation event
FATF travel rulei
NOT SIGNED
no information-sharing obligation on VASP transfers
Inheritance systemi
NONE
no estate tax · no heir-based duties · no succession tax framework. Wealth transfers across heir-classes are not taxed in this jurisdiction. Only standard probate / registration fees may apply.
03/08

Is it easy to run a company in Panama?

corporate tax criminal liability public registry VAT IP box

NO. Corporate tax in Panama is 25% with no IP-box relief, on top of VAT at 7. Running a company here is operationally fine but fiscally expensive: the state takes a large bite of every unit of profit.

Corporate taxi
25%
flat · +2% Operations Notice tax on equity
IP Box · Patent Boxi
NONE
no IP regime · IP income taxed under standard corporate rules
Misuse of corporate assetsi
NO CRIMINAL LIABILITY
N/A - Civil Matter (Penal Code Art. 251)
Under Article 251 of the Panamanian Penal Code, the crime of 'Administración Desleal' (Unfair Administration) requires the fraudulent disposal of assets to cause economic harm to partners, associates, or third parties. In a sole-shareholder scenario where the company is solvent, there is no third-party victim to satisfy the criminal typology, as the owner is the only person with an interest in the equity. Consequently, such actions are typically addressed through civil remedies (e.g., piercing the corporate veil) or tax penalties rather than criminal prosecution.
Shareholders privacyi
PRIVATE
Registro Público de Panamá
Directors privacyi
PUBLIC
Registro Público de Panamá
Incorporation costi
Corporation
Sociedad Anónima
Professional Incorporation Service Fee USD 1,000
First Year Annual Franchise Tax (Tasa Única) USD 250
Notary and Public Deed Documentation USD 150
Public Registry Registration Fee USD 60
Business License (Aviso de Operación) Government Fee USD 50
Total USD 1,510
VAT standard ratei
7%
3 distinct tiers in force
0% 7% 10%
Food & drink
0%
food
10%
alcohol
Transport
0%
public transit
0%
rail
0%
air
Hospitality
10%
hotels
Health
0%
pharma
Clothing
0%
kids clothing
04/08

Is Panama good for your holding company?

treaty network participation exemption withholding

YES. Panama offers a moderate treaty network (18 signed) paired with a full participation exemption (100% on qualifying dividends and gains). A respectable holding jurisdiction. Not in the NL/LU/SG elite tier on treaty count, but the through-flow is clean.

Territorial systemi
Individuals
TERRITORIAL
Corporates
TERRITORIAL
Individuals: territorial — foreign-source income generally untaxed. Corporates: territorial principle — foreign-source profits generally exempt.
Participation exemptioni
100%
no minimum threshold · no holding period
CFC rulesi
NONE
no controlled foreign corporation regime · foreign-source corporate income out of scope
WHT · dividendsi
10%
non-resident outbound
WHT · interest
12.5%
non-resident outbound
WHT · royalties
12.5%
non-resident outbound
Tax-haven WHT
no punitive rate on record
Treaties signedi
18
active
Treaties pending
in negotiation
Tax treaty networki
origin · PA 0% > 0% no treaty
Inspect a country
Hover any country on the map to read its withholding-tax treaty with PA.
Country Status Dividends Interest Royalties
// no treaties match
05/08

What does it cost to come and go from Panama?

exit tax territorial system dual citizenship

LITTLE. Coming and going from Panama is cheap. The country runs a territorial system (foreign income stays foreign), and there's no exit tax on departure. You leave with what you came in with, plus whatever you earned abroad while you were here.

Exit taxi
NONE
no triggers active · residence change tax-free · no deemed-disposal mechanism
Dual citizenship
FORBIDDEN
naturalisation requires renouncing existing citizenship
Citizenship paths
Residence
Marriage
Birth
Descent
Investment
06/08

Will Panama protect your privacy?

info exchange corporate registries

NOT AT ALL. Panama is a signatory to every major automatic-exchange framework: CRS, FATCA, CARF, MLI, MAAC. Financial accounts here will be reported to your home tax authority (Americans: FATCA is in force). Corporate registries stay non-public, returning a thin layer of opacity on the ownership side, but the financial trail is fully visible.

Multilateral reporting frameworks 4/10 active · 5 pending
CRS
2019
CARF
2025
FATCA
2014
MLI
2020
BEPS
MAAC
2017
GLOBAL FORUM
EOIR
CRYPTO-CARF
2025
CRYPTO TRAVEL RULE
07/08

Is Panama itself a liability?

blacklists FATF standing

YES. Panama sits on multiple major blacklists. Counterparties routinely apply anti-abuse rules, higher withholding, or refuse the transaction entirely. The jurisdiction itself is the risk, regardless of the substance of what you're doing inside it.

Blacklist exposure Listed by 5 authorities
FATF
grey / black list
EU
non-cooperative list
FRANCE
ETNC list
SPAIN
tax-haven list
PORTUGAL
favourable regimes
BRAZIL
low-tax list
08/08

Will you feel free in Panama?

press freedom crypto CBDC EU

PARTLY. Panama scores in the middle band of the RSF press-freedom index (rank #53): civil society operates but the boundaries are real. Crypto sits in the standard regulated tier.

Press freedom · RSF indexi
53/180
score 66 · ↑ 30 ranks year-on-year
Central bank digital currencyi
NONE
no announced CBDC program · no pilot · no retail or wholesale prototype on record
SEE ALSO

Other jurisdictions worth comparing

Picked by similarity of strategic profile to Panama. No editorial ranking — neighbours in the same scoring space.

PROFILE-ADJACENT Same shape, comparable overall friction.
NOTABLY MORE FAVORABLE Same family of strategies, higher total score.
NOTABLY LESS FAVORABLE Same family of strategies, lower total score.