Bosnia & Herzegovina

BA BAMKM Bosnian
Pros
Low flat tax rate of 10% for corporate and personal income.
Strategic geographic position for access to European Union markets at lower operational costs.
Minimal state interference in specific sectors and high levels of personal and cultural freedom.
Cons
Complex bureaucratic structure with multiple government layers and significant administrative hurdles.
High levels of systemic corruption and political instability with negative impact on long-term business predictability.
Underdeveloped transport infrastructure and slow pace of digital public service implementation.

Long story short: Income tax and corporate tax cap out at 10% here. The taxman will never come after you.

The flip side: two parallel administrations, two sets of rules, and corruption that seeps into every level, from the counter clerk to the ministry. Setting up a company means juggling two bureaucracies that don't talk to each other.

Beyond that: in Sarajevo's upscale neighborhoods, things stay calm. Banks, mostly owned by Austrian and Italian groups, are solid. The food is excellent, and the mountains just outside town are worth the detour.

VERYLOW TAX 4.7/10 HOLDING 2.4/10 DIVIDENDPIPELINE 2.1/10 CRYPTOHAVEN 2/10 PRIVACYGRADE 4.2/10

Will your income be taxed?

Long story short: YES, BUT LIGHTLY.
Personal income gets a modest trim in Bosnia and Herzegovina, peaking at 10%. The state takes its cut, but the bill is readable and won't ruin your year.

Residency follows the standard playbook: day counts, economic ties, nothing sneaky.

01.1 Income tax
Personal income tax
10%
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De quoi s’agit-il ?What residents pay on what they earn: salary, freelance income, sometimes dividends too. We show the system (flat or progressive) and the top rate.
Source et informations complémentairesflat rate
01.2 Tax residence test
A single active rule is enough to make you tax-resident.
183-day rule
Economic interest
Family centre
does not exist here
Habitual abode
Extended-stay test
does not exist here
Income tax simulatori

If you earn a year, you will pay .

Roughly effective, with a marginal rate of .

Will your wealth be taxed?

Long story short: NO.
Bosnia and Herzegovina keeps its hands off what you hold. No capital gains tax, no annual wealth grab, no inheritance regime.

Your portfolio compounds in peace and leaves the way it came in; nobody's standing at the door with their palm out.

02.1 Investment income
Capital gains
NONE
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De quoi s’agit-il ?The tax on your profit when you sell something that gained value: stocks, property, crypto, a business. Some countries skip it entirely.
Source et informations complémentairesflat
Dividend tax
NONE
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De quoi s’agit-il ?What you pay when your company sends you dividends. It stacks on top of corporate tax, so the combined bill is what really counts.
Source et informations complémentairesflat
Interest income
10%
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De quoi s’agit-il ?The tax on income from savings, bonds and loans. Matters when choosing where to park your cash.
Source et informations complémentairesflat
02.2 Wealth & estate
Wealth tax
NONE
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De quoi s’agit-il ?A yearly tax on what you own above a threshold, whether you sell or not. Most countries scrapped it; a few still run one.
Source et informations complémentairesno annual wealth tax · no real-estate wealth tax · no net-worth assessment
Inheritance system
NONE
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De quoi s’agit-il ?What heirs pay on what they inherit, by category (spouse, children, others), with allowances and top rates. Plenty of countries charge nothing at all.
Source et informations complémentairesno estate tax · no heir-based duties · no succession tax framework. Wealth transfers across heir-classes are not taxed in this jurisdiction. Only standard probate / registration fees may apply.
02.3 Crypto
Crypto · tax regime
UNREGULATED
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De quoi s’agit-il ?How crypto gains are taxed here: zero, flat, progressive or grey zone. Includes whether crypto-to-crypto swaps count as taxable events.
Source et informations complémentairesFallback rate: 13% · Bosnia and Herzegovina has no specific cryptocurrency tax law; instead, general income tax rules apply. Tax treatment varies by entity: the Federation of BiH (FBiH) taxes crypto gains at a 10% flat rate as 'other income', while Republika Srpska (RS) applies a 13% tax on capital gains. The Central Bank classifies crypto as an intangible asset/property rather than legal tender.
Crypto-to-crypto
TAXABLE
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De quoi s’agit-il ?How crypto gains are taxed here: zero, flat, progressive or grey zone. Includes whether crypto-to-crypto swaps count as taxable events.
Source et informations complémentaireseach swap counts as a disposal — gains realised at every trade
FATF travel rule
NOT SIGNED
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De quoi s’agit-il ?Does this country enforce the crypto Travel Rule? If yes, exchanges must identify senders and recipients, like banks do for wire transfers.
Source et informations complémentairesno information-sharing obligation on VASP transfers

Easy to run a company there?

Long story short: YES, BUT EXPOSED.
Corporate tax in Bosnia and Herzegovina is low (10%), and that's where the good news dies. Misuse of corporate assets is a crime here: personal use of company funds can get you prosecuted, even as sole shareholder, and your own consent won't save you.

And the registries are public: your shareholding, one search away.

Cheap to run, but you're exposed, legally and reputationally. The rate is the bait; the friction is the hook.

03.1 Rates
Corporate tax
10%
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De quoi s’agit-il ?What companies pay on their profits. The headline rate is a starting point: IP boxes and holding regimes often pull the real rate lower.
Source et informations complémentairesflat
VAT standard rate
17%
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De quoi s’agit-il ?The sales tax baked into almost everything you buy here. One standard rate, plus reduced rates on things like food or books.
Source et informations complémentairessingle rate · no reduced tiers
17%
Food & drink
17%
food
17%
non-alcoholic
17%
alcohol
Print media
17%
books
17%
ebooks
17%
newspapers
Culture
17%
cultural events
17%
cinema
17%
theatre
17%
museums
17%
sports
Transport
17%
public transit
17%
rail
17%
air
Hospitality
17%
hotels
17%
restaurants
17%
takeaway
Health
17%
pharma
17%
medical dev.
Energy
17%
electricity
17%
natural gas
17%
district heat.
17%
domestic fuel
Utilities
17%
water
17%
waste
Clothing
17%
kids clothing
Digital & telecom
17%
digital
17%
telecom
17%
broadcast
Construction
17%
construction
17%
social housing
Agriculture
17%
farm inputs
17%
animal feed
Personal services
17%
funeral
17%
hairdressing
03.2 Regime & registry
IP Box · Patent Box
NONE
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De quoi s’agit-il ?A discounted tax rate on income from patents, software and designs, often 5 to 10%. A magnet for tech and licensing businesses.
Source et informations complémentairesno IP regime · IP income taxed under standard corporate rules
Misuse of corporate assets
CRIMINAL
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De quoi s’agit-il ?If you spend company money on yourself, is it a crime (prison possible) or a civil matter? Some countries prosecute even sole shareholders.
Source et informations complémentairescriminal liability · Article 383 of the Criminal Code of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Krivični zakon FBiH) · In Bosnia and Herzegovina, particularly within the Federation of BiH (FBiH), the legal system follows a strict 'Autonomy of the Legal Entity' principle. Under Article 383 (Abuse of Position or Authority), a sole shareholder-director can be criminally prosecuted for using company funds for personal expenses because the law does not distinguish between public officials and responsible persons in private companies. The company is treated as a separate legal entity and a victim of the 'unlawful benefit' obtained by the director, even if the company is solvent and the sole owner consented to the transaction. This interpretation is a legacy of socialist law and remains a point of significant legal controversy and calls for reform by employers' associations.
Shareholders privacy
PUBLIC
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De quoi s’agit-il ?How visible a company's shareholders and directors are: free public registry, paywalled, restricted or fully private. More privacy, but sometimes warier banks.
Source et informations complémentairesRegisters of Business Entities in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Directors privacy
PUBLIC
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De quoi s’agit-il ?How visible a company's shareholders and directors are: free public registry, paywalled, restricted or fully private. More privacy, but sometimes warier banks.
Source et informations complémentairesRegisters of Business Entities in Bosnia and Herzegovina
03.3 Incorporation cost
In this country, the most standard company form is called Društvo sa ograničenom odgovornošću (Limited Liability Company). The costs below are for incorporating a company in its simplest form, for reference only.
Notary fees for founding act and statute
USD 178
Court registration and administrative fees
USD 207
Official Gazette publication fee
USD 89
Professional incorporation service (Lawyer/Agency)
USD 1,185
Total
USD 1,659

A good fit for a holding?

Long story short: NO.
Bosnia and Herzegovina has no treaty network at all, which buries the holding question, full stop.

Every dividend in or out eats the statutory withholding at full rate, and no domestic regime can patch a hole that sits on the source side. Don't park a holding here.

04.1 Substance & exemptions
Territorial · individuals
WORLDWIDE
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De quoi s’agit-il ?Does this country tax only local income (territorial) or everything you earn worldwide? Territorial means your foreign income stays untaxed here. Huge.
Source et informations complémentairesworldwide income taxation regardless of source
Territorial · corporates
WORLDWIDE
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Source et informations complémentairesworldwide corporate taxation
Participation exemption
NONE
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De quoi s’agit-il ?Can a holding company receive dividends from its subsidiaries tax-free? The cornerstone of any serious holding structure.
Source et informations complémentairesno dividend participation exemption regime
CFC rules
NONE
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De quoi s’agit-il ?Anti-offshore rules: they tax you at home on your foreign company's profits, even if nothing was distributed. Where they exist, offshore setups get tricky.
Source et informations complémentairesno controlled foreign corporation regime · foreign-source corporate income out of scope
04.2 Withholding tax · non-resident
WHT · dividends
5%
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De quoi s’agit-il ?The cut this country takes when it sends dividends, interest or royalties abroad. Tax treaties can shrink it; blacklists can inflate it.
Source et informations complémentairesnon-resident outbound
WHT · interest
10%
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Source et informations complémentairesnon-resident outbound
WHT · royalties
10%
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Source et informations complémentairesnon-resident outbound
Tax-haven WHT
5%
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Source et informations complémentairespenalty rate · blacklisted destinations
04.3 Treaty network
Treaties signed
0
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De quoi s’agit-il ?Deals with other countries to avoid double taxation and cut withholding taxes. The bigger the network, the easier your money moves across borders.
Source et informations complémentairesactive
Treaties pending
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Source et informations complémentairesin negotiation
Tax treaty network
origin · BA 0% > 0% no treaty
Inspect a country
Hover any country on the map to read its withholding-tax treaty with BA.
Country Status Dividends Interest Royalties
// no treaties match

Easy to come and go?

Long story short: SOME.
Bosnia and Herzegovina taxes your worldwide income while you're resident, but at least the exit is free: no exit tax on the way out.

Leaving costs you paperwork, not money; your unrealised gains walk out the door with you, untouched.

05.1 Exit & dual nationality
Exit tax
NONE
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De quoi s’agit-il ?What the country charges you for leaving: tax on your unrealized gains, as if you'd sold everything at the border. Here you'll see if it exists and when it triggers.
Source et informations complémentairesno triggers active · residence change tax-free · no deemed-disposal mechanism
Dual citizenship
FORBIDDEN
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Source et informations complémentairesnaturalisation requires renouncing existing citizenship
05.2 Citizenship paths
Residence
8 years
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Source et informations complémentairesavailable path to naturalisation
Marriage
5 years
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Source et informations complémentairesavailable path to naturalisation
Birth
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Source et informations complémentairesnot available
Descent
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Source et informations complémentairesnot available
Investment
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Source et informations complémentairesnot available

Is your money watched?

Long story short: PARTLY.
Bosnia and Herzegovina has signed most of the standard exchange frameworks and runs a public corporate registry. Your accounts get reported to your home tax office, and your shareholdings sit in the shop window.

Watched on both axes: not wall-to-wall, but don't come here for discretion.

Multilateral reporting frameworks 3/9 active · 2 pending
CRS
CARF
FATCA
MLI
2020
BEPS
MAAC
2020
GLOBAL FORUM
EOIR
CRYPTO TRAVEL RULE

Is it blacklisted?

Long story short: NO.
Bosnia and Herzegovina sits on no major blacklist, though it's outside the FATF club.

Some counterparties will run a bit of extra due diligence out of habit, but there's no formal stigma: you won't get hassled for dealing with it.

Blacklist exposure Clear everywhere
EMBARGO
un / us / eu sanctions
FATF
grey / black list
EU
non-cooperative list
FRANCE
ETNC list
SPAIN
tax-haven list
PORTUGAL
favourable regimes
BRAZIL
low-tax list

Do you feel free there?

Long story short: PARTLY.
Bosnia and Herzegovina sits in the middle band of the RSF press-freedom index (rank #86): civil society functions, but the walls are real and you'll learn fast where they stand.

Crypto lives in the standard regulated tier.

08.1 Press freedom
Press freedom · RSF index
86/180
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De quoi s’agit-il ?The RSF world ranking of press freedom. A good proxy for censorship and civil liberties. The lower the rank, the freer the press.
Source et informations complémentairesscore 56 · ↓ 5 ranks year-on-year
Central bank digital currencyi
NONE
no announced CBDC program · no pilot · no retail or wholesale prototype on record

Connected to the world?

Long story short: POORLY CONNECTED.
The two rails that matter are both dead in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Stripe won't onboard you, so card payments mean a foreign structure or a local processor with its own rules. Amazon doesn't deliver either.

Some secondary services run (4/11), but for an online business this is swimming against the current.

Accept payments 2/6 available
Stripe
card payments
PayPal
wallet payments
Adyen
enterprise psp
Mollie
eu payments
GoCardless
direct debit
Paddle
merchant of record
Bank and move money 1/3 available
Wise
multi-currency
Revolut
personal banking
Revolut Business
business banking
Buy and sell on Amazon 1/2 available
Amazon
consumer delivery
Amazon Seller
marketplace selling
SEE ALSO

Other jurisdictions worth comparing

Picked by similarity of strategic profile to Bosnia & Herzegovina. No editorial ranking — neighbours in the same scoring space.

PROFILE-ADJACENT Same shape, comparable overall friction.
NOTABLY MORE FAVORABLE Same family of strategies, higher total score.
NOTABLY LESS FAVORABLE Same family of strategies, lower total score.