Panama

PA PABB/. Spanish
Pros
Territorial taxation system exempting foreign-source income from local levies.
Official use of the US Dollar ensuring monetary stability and preventing local currency devaluation.
World-class logistics infrastructure and strategic geographic position for global trade operations.
Cons
Persistent systemic corruption within the judicial and administrative branches of government.
Complex banking regulations due to international pressure and inclusion on various financial grey lists.
Significant bureaucratic hurdles and slow administrative processes for business licensing and permits.

Long story short: Here, your foreign income never gets taxed, a genuine fiscal open bar if you structure your company right. But setting one up takes patience: the administration drags its feet, corruption still greases plenty of paperwork, and banks put you through an FBI-style interrogation before opening an account.

The canal keeps the economy humming, the capital's skyline rivals Miami's, the food mixes fresh ceviche with American burgers, beaches and jungle sit an hour away, and in the wealthy neighborhoods, you live safe and easy.

VERYLOW TAX 4.5/10 HOLDING 4.8/10 DIVIDENDPIPELINE 4.4/10 CRYPTOHAVEN 2/10 PRIVACYGRADE 2/10

Will your income be taxed?

Long story short: YES, A LOT.
On paper, Panama shears you at up to 25%. In practice, the territorial regime only bites income sourced locally: foreign salary, foreign dividends, foreign gains walk through untouched. The sticker is there to scare; the machinery doesn't reach that far.

Earn your living abroad and the local taxman mostly waves at you from a distance.

01.1 Income tax
Personal income tax
0 → 25%
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De quoi s’agit-il ?What residents pay on what they earn: salary, freelance income, sometimes dividends too. We show the system (flat or progressive) and the top rate.
Source et informations complémentairesprogressive · 3 brackets
Bracket (USD)Rate
0 – 11,000exempt
11,000 – 50,00015%
50,000 +25%
01.2 Tax residence test
All active rules must be met to make you tax-resident.
183-day rule
Economic interest
Family centre
does not exist here
Habitual abode
does not exist here
Extended-stay test
does not exist here
Income tax simulatori

If you earn a year, you will pay .

Roughly effective, with a marginal rate of .

Will your wealth be taxed?

Long story short: YES, BUT LIGHTLY.
Panama takes a light trim on capital gains (10% at the top), with no annual wealth levy and no inheritance regime.

Your portfolio compounds with barely any friction; the state only shows its face when you sell. And even then, politely.

02.1 Investment income
Capital gains
10%
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De quoi s’agit-il ?The tax on your profit when you sell something that gained value: stocks, property, crypto, a business. Some countries skip it entirely.
Source et informations complémentairesflat
Dividend tax
10%
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De quoi s’agit-il ?What you pay when your company sends you dividends. It stacks on top of corporate tax, so the combined bill is what really counts.
Source et informations complémentairesflat
Interest income
0%
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De quoi s’agit-il ?The tax on income from savings, bonds and loans. Matters when choosing where to park your cash.
Source et informations complémentairesflat
02.2 Wealth & estate
Wealth tax
NONE
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De quoi s’agit-il ?A yearly tax on what you own above a threshold, whether you sell or not. Most countries scrapped it; a few still run one.
Source et informations complémentairesno annual wealth tax · no real-estate wealth tax · no net-worth assessment
Inheritance system
NONE
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De quoi s’agit-il ?What heirs pay on what they inherit, by category (spouse, children, others), with allowances and top rates. Plenty of countries charge nothing at all.
Source et informations complémentairesno estate tax · no heir-based duties · no succession tax framework. Wealth transfers across heir-classes are not taxed in this jurisdiction. Only standard probate / registration fees may apply.
02.3 Crypto
Crypto · tax regime
UNREGULATED
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De quoi s’agit-il ?How crypto gains are taxed here: zero, flat, progressive or grey zone. Includes whether crypto-to-crypto swaps count as taxable events.
Source et informations complémentairesFallback rate: 0% · Panama applies a territorial tax system (Art. 694 Tax Code). Gains from crypto-assets traded on international platforms are considered foreign-sourced and are effectively tax-free (0%) for residents. Local-sourced income is subject to progressive tax rates up to 25%. A comprehensive crypto bill was declared unconstitutional in 2023.
Crypto-to-crypto
NEUTRAL
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De quoi s’agit-il ?How crypto gains are taxed here: zero, flat, progressive or grey zone. Includes whether crypto-to-crypto swaps count as taxable events.
Source et informations complémentairesa swap is not a taxable realisation event
FATF travel rule
NOT SIGNED
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De quoi s’agit-il ?Does this country enforce the crypto Travel Rule? If yes, exchanges must identify senders and recipients, like banks do for wire transfers.
Source et informations complémentairesno information-sharing obligation on VASP transfers

Easy to run a company there?

Long story short: NO.
Corporate tax in Panama is 25%, no IP-box mercy, VAT at 7 on top.

Operationally, running a company here is fine; fiscally, the state helps itself to a fat slice of every unit of profit. You do the work, they skim the cream.

03.1 Rates
Corporate tax
25%
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De quoi s’agit-il ?What companies pay on their profits. The headline rate is a starting point: IP boxes and holding regimes often pull the real rate lower.
Source et informations complémentairesflat
VAT standard rate
7%
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De quoi s’agit-il ?The sales tax baked into almost everything you buy here. One standard rate, plus reduced rates on things like food or books.
Source et informations complémentaires3 distinct tiers in force
0%7%10%
Food & drink
0%
food
7%
non-alcoholic
10%
alcohol
Print media
7%
books
7%
ebooks
7%
newspapers
Culture
7%
cultural events
7%
cinema
7%
theatre
7%
museums
7%
sports
Transport
0%
public transit
0%
rail
0%
air
Hospitality
10%
hotels
7%
restaurants
7%
takeaway
Health
0%
pharma
7%
medical dev.
Energy
7%
electricity
7%
natural gas
7%
district heat.
7%
domestic fuel
Utilities
7%
water
7%
waste
Clothing
0%
kids clothing
Digital & telecom
7%
digital
7%
telecom
7%
broadcast
Construction
7%
construction
7%
social housing
Agriculture
7%
farm inputs
7%
animal feed
Personal services
7%
funeral
7%
hairdressing
Finance
7%
insurance
7%
financial svc.
03.2 Regime & registry
IP Box · Patent Box
NONE
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De quoi s’agit-il ?A discounted tax rate on income from patents, software and designs, often 5 to 10%. A magnet for tech and licensing businesses.
Source et informations complémentairesno IP regime · IP income taxed under standard corporate rules
Misuse of corporate assets
NO CRIMINAL
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De quoi s’agit-il ?If you spend company money on yourself, is it a crime (prison possible) or a civil matter? Some countries prosecute even sole shareholders.
Source et informations complémentairesno criminal liability · Under Article 251 of the Panamanian Penal Code, the crime of 'Administración Desleal' (Unfair Administration) requires the fraudulent disposal of assets to cause economic harm to partners, associates, or third parties. In a sole-shareholder scenario where the company is solvent, there is no third-party victim to satisfy the criminal typology, as the owner is the only person with an interest in the equity. Consequently, such actions are typically addressed through civil remedies (e.g., piercing the corporate veil) or tax penalties rather than criminal prosecution.
Shareholders privacy
PRIVATE
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De quoi s’agit-il ?How visible a company's shareholders and directors are: free public registry, paywalled, restricted or fully private. More privacy, but sometimes warier banks.
Source et informations complémentairesRegistro Público de Panamá
Directors privacy
PUBLIC
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De quoi s’agit-il ?How visible a company's shareholders and directors are: free public registry, paywalled, restricted or fully private. More privacy, but sometimes warier banks.
Source et informations complémentairesRegistro Público de Panamá
03.3 Incorporation cost
In this country, the most standard company form is called Sociedad Anónima (Corporation). The costs below are for incorporating a company in its simplest form, for reference only.
Professional Incorporation Service Fee
USD 1,000
First Year Annual Franchise Tax (Tasa Única)
USD 250
Notary and Public Deed Documentation
USD 150
Public Registry Registration Fee
USD 60
Business License (Aviso de Operación) Government Fee
USD 50
Total
USD 1,510

A good fit for a holding?

Long story short: YES.
Panama pairs a moderate treaty network (18 signed) with a full participation exemption (100% on qualifying dividends and gains).

A perfectly honest holding base: not the NL/LU/SG first division on treaty count, but the pipes don't leak.

04.1 Substance & exemptions
Territorial · individuals
TERRITORIAL
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De quoi s’agit-il ?Does this country tax only local income (territorial) or everything you earn worldwide? Territorial means your foreign income stays untaxed here. Huge.
Source et informations complémentairesterritorial — foreign-source income generally untaxed
Territorial · corporates
TERRITORIAL
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Source et informations complémentairesterritorial principle — foreign-source profits generally exempt
Participation exemption
100%
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De quoi s’agit-il ?Can a holding company receive dividends from its subsidiaries tax-free? The cornerstone of any serious holding structure.
Source et informations complémentairesno minimum threshold · no holding period
CFC rules
NONE
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De quoi s’agit-il ?Anti-offshore rules: they tax you at home on your foreign company's profits, even if nothing was distributed. Where they exist, offshore setups get tricky.
Source et informations complémentairesno controlled foreign corporation regime · foreign-source corporate income out of scope
04.2 Withholding tax · non-resident
WHT · dividends
10%
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De quoi s’agit-il ?The cut this country takes when it sends dividends, interest or royalties abroad. Tax treaties can shrink it; blacklists can inflate it.
Source et informations complémentairesnon-resident outbound
WHT · interest
12.5%
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Source et informations complémentairesnon-resident outbound
WHT · royalties
12.5%
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Source et informations complémentairesnon-resident outbound
Tax-haven WHT
NONE
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Source et informations complémentairesno punitive rate on record
04.3 Treaty network
Treaties signed
18
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De quoi s’agit-il ?Deals with other countries to avoid double taxation and cut withholding taxes. The bigger the network, the easier your money moves across borders.
Source et informations complémentairesactive
Treaties pending
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Source et informations complémentairesin negotiation
Tax treaty network
origin · PA 0% > 0% no treaty
Inspect a country
Hover any country on the map to read its withholding-tax treaty with PA.
Country Status Dividends Interest Royalties
// no treaties match

Easy to come and go?

Long story short: LITTLE.
Coming and going from Panama costs you nothing worth mentioning. Territorial regime (foreign income stays foreign), no exit tax at the door.

You show up with your stuff, you leave with your stuff, plus whatever you earned abroad in between. Borders the way they should all work.

05.1 Exit & dual nationality
Exit tax
NONE
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De quoi s’agit-il ?What the country charges you for leaving: tax on your unrealized gains, as if you'd sold everything at the border. Here you'll see if it exists and when it triggers.
Source et informations complémentairesno triggers active · residence change tax-free · no deemed-disposal mechanism
Dual citizenship
FORBIDDEN
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Source et informations complémentairesnaturalisation requires renouncing existing citizenship
05.2 Citizenship paths
Residence
5 years
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Source et informations complémentairesavailable path to naturalisation
Marriage
3 years
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Source et informations complémentairesavailable path to naturalisation
Birth
jus soli
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Source et informations complémentairesavailable path to naturalisation
Descent
1 gen
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Source et informations complémentairesavailable path to naturalisation
Investment
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Source et informations complémentairesnot available

Is your money watched?

Long story short: YES, CLOSELY.
Yes, your money is watched here. Panama signed every major automatic-exchange framework: CRS, FATCA, CARF, MLI, MAAC. Open an account and it gets reported straight to your home tax authority (Americans: FATCA applies, no exceptions).

Corporate registries stay non-public, which saves a thin slice of ownership discretion. But your financial trail is made of glass.

Multilateral reporting frameworks 4/9 active · 4 pending
CRS
2019
CARF
2025
FATCA
2014
MLI
2020
BEPS
MAAC
2017
GLOBAL FORUM
EOIR
CRYPTO TRAVEL RULE

Is it blacklisted?

Long story short: YES.
Panama stacks the EU non-cooperative list on top of national blacklists. Counterparties routinely fire anti-abuse rules, jack up withholding, or refuse the deal entirely, and the EU layer makes the friction automatic across the whole bloc.

The jurisdiction itself is the risk; the substance of what you do there is a footnote.

Blacklist exposure Listed by 5 authorities
EMBARGO
un / us / eu sanctions
FATF
grey / black list
EU
non-cooperative list
FRANCE
ETNC list
SPAIN
tax-haven list
PORTUGAL
favourable regimes
BRAZIL
low-tax list

Do you feel free there?

Long story short: PARTLY.
Panama sits in the middle band of the RSF press-freedom index (rank #53): civil society functions, but the walls are real and you'll learn fast where they stand.

Crypto lives in the standard regulated tier.

08.1 Press freedom
Press freedom · RSF index
53/180
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De quoi s’agit-il ?The RSF world ranking of press freedom. A good proxy for censorship and civil liberties. The lower the rank, the freer the press.
Source et informations complémentairesscore 66 · ↑ 30 ranks year-on-year
Central bank digital currencyi
NONE
no announced CBDC program · no pilot · no retail or wholesale prototype on record

Connected to the world?

Long story short: POORLY CONNECTED.
The two rails that matter are both dead in Panama. Stripe won't onboard you, so card payments mean a foreign structure or a local processor with its own rules. Amazon doesn't deliver either.

Some secondary services run (4/11), but for an online business this is swimming against the current.

Accept payments 2/6 available
Stripe
card payments
PayPal
wallet payments
Adyen
enterprise psp
Mollie
eu payments
GoCardless
direct debit
Paddle
merchant of record
Bank and move money 1/3 available
Wise
multi-currency
Revolut
personal banking
Revolut Business
business banking
Buy and sell on Amazon 1/2 available
Amazon
consumer delivery
Amazon Seller
marketplace selling
SEE ALSO

Other jurisdictions worth comparing

Picked by similarity of strategic profile to Panama. No editorial ranking — neighbours in the same scoring space.

PROFILE-ADJACENT Same shape, comparable overall friction.
NOTABLY MORE FAVORABLE Same family of strategies, higher total score.
NOTABLY LESS FAVORABLE Same family of strategies, lower total score.